Skip navigation

Prison Legal News: February, 2023

Issue PDF
Volume 34, Number 2

In this issue:

  1. Convictions at Any Cost: DOJ Report Slams Three Decades of Snitches and Due Process Violations in California’s Orange County (p 1)
  2. New BOP Director Clears Up First Step Act Implementation (p 10)
  3. From the Editor (p 10)
  4. Incarcerated People Have Few Ways to Fight Back Against Censorship in Prisons (p 12)
  5. Burning Tires Left Louisiana Prisoners With Migraines, Breathing Problems, and Minimal Medical Care As black smoke poured out of a burning tire dump in Louisiana, people inside the prison next door struggled to keep the fumes out. (p 16)
  6. Ninth Circuit Says Statements Relayed at Criminal Trial By Nurse and Doctor Are Admissible, Not Hearsay (p 18)
  7. $959,000 Paid by Pennsylvania County in Deaths of Two Detainees, Plus at Least $750,000 from PrimeCare (p 20)
  8. Fourth Circuit Reinstates Virginia Prisoner’s Spoliation Motion for Lost Video of His Alleged Assault by Guards (p 22)
  9. Federal Judge in Pennsylvania Rules BOP Must Honor Transgender Prisoner’s Legal Name Change (p 22)
  10. Tenth Circuit Says Prison Work Assignment Covered Under ADA Protections (p 24)
  11. Seventh Circuit: Indiana Prisoner Who Failed to Formalize Grievance Also Failed to Exhaust Remedies (p 24)
  12. Investigation Reveals “Black Market in Broad Daylight” for Prison Food (p 26)
  13. Record Deaths at Rikers Island Blamed on Guards’ Absenteeism, Abuse and Corruption (p 28)
  14. $20,000 Paid by Centurion and MHM Health Professionals to Arizona Prisoner for Alleged Deliberate Indifference and Medical Negligence (p 29)
  15. Third Circuit Strips Qualified Immunity From Delaware Guards Who Held Mentally Ill Prisoner in Solitary for Seven Months (p 30)
  16. Too Many Alabama Prisoners Still Dying with Too-Few Guards, Many Corrupt (p 32)
  17. Former Tennessee Police Chief Sentenced to Six Years for Abusing Arrestees (p 33)
  18. Ninth Circuit Revives Failure-to-Protect Claim of Arizona Prisoner Beaten by Gang (p 34)
  19. Florida Jailers Leave Detainees Out of Evacuation Plans During Hurricane (p 34)
  20. Arizona DOC Accused of Cheating Both Guards and Prisoners Out of Hourly Wages (p 36)
  21. Ninth Circuit Says California Felons Can Fight Fires While Imprisoned, But Not After (p 36)
  22. Fourth Circuit Says Prisoners with Gender Dysphoria not Excluded from ADA Protection (p 38)
  23. Former Texas Prisoner Wins 12-Year Fight for Justice (p 39)
  24. Student Loan Debt and Prisoners (p 40)
  25. Arizona Resumes Executions (p 40)
  26. New Report Estimates U.S. Prisons Hold Nearly 50,000 People in Solitary Confinement (p 42)
  27. After Federal Judge Censors Lawyer’s Tweets About CoreCivic, Company Settles Suit Over Tennessee Prisoner’s Murder by Cellmate (p 42)
  28. Fourth Circuit Says Three-Strikes Federal Prisoner’s Imminent Danger Claim Must Be Evaluated on ‘Totality of Circumstances’ (p 44)
  29. Virginia Supreme Court Upholds Derivative Sovereign Immunity for Jail Physician (p 44)
  30. Fifth Circuit: No Qualified Immunity for Mississippi Sheriffs in Suit Over Mentally Ill Man’s Years-long Unlawful Detention (p 46)
  31. Nevada Federal Court Says Prisoner’s § 1983 Suit Should’ve Been a Habeas Petition, But Returns Filing Fee (p 46)
  32. PLN Contributor’s Retaliation Suit Against Oregon Prison Officials Survives (p 48)
  33. Georgia Jails Faulted in Struggle With High COVID-19 Infection Rates (p 48)
  34. Seventh Circuit Trims What Indiana Prisoner Owes Jail Doctor in Lost Lawsuit (p 50)
  35. Under New Mississippi Law, State Chooses Execution Method (p 52)
  36. Prisoner Health Update: Hepatitis C (p 52)
  37. Florida Makes Parolees Criminally Liable for Accidental Voter Registration Fraud (p 54)
  38. Award Slashed for Delaware Prisoner Sexually Groped by Guard (p 54)
  39. Oklahoma Jail Guard Gets 46 Months for Setting Up White Supremacist Attack on Black Detainees (p 55)
  40. Federal Judge Refuses to Shorten Corruption Sentence for Former Head of New York City Jail Guards’ Union (p 56)
  41. DOJ Releases Special Report on U.S. Prison COVID-19 Response (p 56)
  42. Former Judges in Pennsylvania ‘Kids for Cash’ Scandal Must Pay $206 Million in Damages (p 57)
  43. $60,000 Paid by Pennsylvania County to Jail Detainee Savagely Beaten by Cellmate While Guards Allegedly Ignored Cries for Help (p 58)
  44. $300,000 Paid by Colorado to Prisoner Sexually Harassed by Guard with Foot Fetish (p 59)
  45. $98,000 Paid by BOP to Immigrant Detainees Racially Profiled as Terrorists in New York City Lockup (p 60)
  46. $480,000 Paid by California County to Detainee Whose Newborn Died After Guards Stopped at Starbucks en Route to Hospital (p 60)
  47. Former BOP Warden Convicted of Sexually Abusing Prisoners in California ‘Rape Club’ Scandal (p 62)
  48. Fifth Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Mississippi Cops Who Let Injured Hemophiliac Bleed Out in Jail (p 62)
  49. News in Brief (p 63)

Convictions at Any Cost: DOJ Report Slams Three Decades of Snitches and Due Process Violations in California’s Orange County

by Benjamin Tschirhart

The U.S. Constitution, in its idealistic fashion, guarantees citizens that they “shall not be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.” During the intervening centuries, the fine brush of precedent has filled in those broad, optimistic strokes.

But even a cursory examination will ...

New BOP Director Clears Up First Step Act Implementation

by Benjamin Tschirhart

On November 18, 2022, almost four years after Congress passed the First Step Act (FSA) to reduce the population incarcerated by the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), new BOP Director Colette Peters finally clarified the agency’s policy to implement the law.

FSA was signed into law by ...

From the Editor

by Paul Wright

As we enter PLN’s 33rd year ofpublishing, the most obvious thing about reporting on the American gulag all these years is how much it is really an ongoing story. Unlike fiction novels, movies or plays, which have a beginning, middle and end of the story, much ...

Incarcerated People Have Few Ways to Fight Back Against Censorship in Prisons

From arbitrary judgment calls to material bans, information censorship protects the carceral system at the expense of the incarcerated

by Tamar Sarai, Prism

In 1971, prisoners in Attica penned the Attica Manifesto during the now infamous five-day-long historic uprising at the facility. Among the list of over two dozen demands ...

Burning Tires Left Louisiana Prisoners With Migraines, Breathing Problems, and Minimal Medical Care As black smoke poured out of a burning tire dump in Louisiana, people inside the prison next door struggled to keep the fumes out.

by Alleen Brown, The Intercept

Brandon Moore knew something was off at Louisiana’s Raymond Laborde Correctional Center when he woke up to prison guards slamming windows shut in the middle of the night. By morning, a funny smell permeated the air and black smoke was pouring from a tire recycling ...

Ninth Circuit Says Statements Relayed at Criminal Trial By Nurse and Doctor Are Admissible, Not Hearsay

by David M. Reutter

When is hearsay evidence not hearsay? On August 31, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit provided its answer. Affirming the conviction of a federal prisoner in Hawaii for assaulting a fellow prisoner, the Court said that statements from the victim reported by ...

$959,000 Paid by Pennsylvania County in Deaths of Two Detainees, Plus at Least $750,000 from PrimeCare

by Ashleigh N. Dye

For the 2018 deaths of two detainees at Pennsylvania’s Bucks County Correctional Facility (BCCF), the county has agreed to pay a total of $959,000. Its privately contracted jail healthcare provider, PrimeCare Medical, reportedly agreed to pay another $750,000 in one case, plus an undisclosed amount to ...

Fourth Circuit Reinstates Virginia Prisoner’s Spoliation Motion for Lost Video of His Alleged Assault by Guards

by David M. Reutter

On July 25, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit held that a district court in Virginia abused its discretion by implicitly overruling a prisoner’s spoliation objections when several critical issues were left unresolved by the magistrate judge.

The Court’s opinion was issued ...

Federal Judge in Pennsylvania Rules BOP Must Honor Transgender Prisoner’s Legal Name Change

by Casey J. Bastian

On July 19, 2022, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania granted the motion of a transgender federal prisoner and compelled the U.S. Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to change its records to reflect her legal name change. However, the Court stopped short of ...

Tenth Circuit Says Prison Work Assignment Covered Under ADA Protections

by Kevin W. Bliss

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ruled on August 25, 2022, that prison employment falls under federally funded programs protected by Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. ch. 126, § 12101 et seq., as well as the Rehabilitation ...

Seventh Circuit: Indiana Prisoner Who Failed to Formalize Grievance Also Failed to Exhaust Remedies

by David M. Reutter

On August 17, 2022, an Indiana prisoner learned a painful lesson from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. As PLN has repeatedly warned, courts are empowered by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e, to dismiss any lawsuit filed by ...

Investigation Reveals “Black Market in Broad Daylight” for Prison Food

by Benjamin Tschirhart

No one in prison expects to eat fine cuisine. The food served is merely intended to keep prisoners alive, with no thought given to how much it is or isn’t enjoyed. Yet certain people are seeing enormous benefits from prison food — just not prisoners.

In a ...

Record Deaths at Rikers Island Blamed on Guards’ Absenteeism, Abuse and Corruption

by Anthony W. Accurso and David M. Reutter

After 16 detainee deaths in 2021[See: PLN, Feb. 2022, p.1], the carnage continued at New York City’s Rikers Island jail complex in 2022, leaving 19 more people dead. Having recorded an average of just six deaths a year from 2017 through ...

$20,000 Paid by Centurion and MHM Health Professionals to Arizona Prisoner for Alleged Deliberate Indifference and Medical Negligence

by Jacob Barrett

On June 24, 2022, a prisoner in the Arizona Department of Corrections (DOC) accepted $20,000 to settle his claims of deliberate indifference and medical negligence against DOC’s privately contracted healthcare and mental healthcare providers: Centurion of Arizona and MHM Health Professionals, respectively. Both are subsidiaries of Centene ...

Third Circuit Strips Qualified Immunity From Delaware Guards Who Held Mentally Ill Prisoner in Solitary for Seven Months

by David M. Reutter

In a decision filed on November 28, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reversed the grant of qualified immunity (QI) to Delaware prison officials in a lawsuit brought by a mentally ill prisoner held in solitary confinement for seven months, alleging they ...

Too Many Alabama Prisoners Still Dying with Too-Few Guards, Many Corrupt

by Jo Ellen Nott

On November 30, 2022, nearly two years after a 44-year-old Alabama prisoner died, an amended complaint filed by his sister claims he “literally baked to death in his cell” where a broken heating system went unrepaired at William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility (CF). But the gruesome ...

Former Tennessee Police Chief Sentenced to Six Years for Abusing Arrestees

by Kevin W. Bliss

A former high-ranking Tennessee law enforcement official was sentenced to six years in federal prison on August 26, 2022, for repeatedly punching arrestees in the face while they were handcuffed. Anthony Glen “Tony” Bean, 62, was the Chief of Police in Tracy City in 2014, when ...

Ninth Circuit Revives Failure-to-Protect Claim of Arizona Prisoner Beaten by Gang

by David M. Reutter

On July 5, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that giving a jury a standard instruction to defer to prison officials was error when the jury needed to decide whether prison officials failed to protect a prisoner from violence.

Before the ...

Florida Jailers Leave Detainees Out of Evacuation Plans During Hurricane

by David M. Reutter

On September 28, 2022, as Hurricane Ian bore down on Florida and neared Category 5 strength, the state Department of Corrections (DOC), which holds about 80,000 prisoners, began evacuating 2,300 of them from 23 prisons statewide. But some lockups in the storm’s path took little action: Rather ...

Arizona DOC Accused of Cheating Both Guards and Prisoners Out of Hourly Wages

by Keith Sanders

Many state prison agencies have in-house for-profit companies that utilize the labor of guards and prisoners to provide products and services to private companies and other state agencies. Not surprisingly, such public-private partnerships are often accused of corruption.

Take Arizona Correctional Industries (ACI), for instance, which is ...

Ninth Circuit Says California Felons Can Fight Fires While Imprisoned, But Not After

by Benjamin Tschirhart

Most prisoners quickly learn that slavery has never been fully abolished in the United States. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution allows prisoners to be compelled to work for little or no pay, and most jurisdictions take advantage of the provision. In California, some state prisoners are ...

Fourth Circuit Says Prisoners with Gender Dysphoria not Excluded from ADA Protection

by Harold Hempstead

On August 16, 2022, in a question of first impression for federal appellate courts, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit held that the complaint of a Virginia jail detainee presented sufficient facts to support the conclusion that gender dysphoria is not an identity disorder ...

Former Texas Prisoner Wins 12-Year Fight for Justice

by Kevin W. Bliss

In May 2006, Daryl Davis was serving a 37-year sentence for beating his girlfriend with a beer bottle, when he was assaulted — twice — at Texas’ Polunsky Unit by members of a Black prison gang, the Mandingo Warriors. They viciously beat Davis, once with a ...

Student Loan Debt and Prisoners

by Ed Lyon

After Pres. Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (D) took action in August 2022 to forgive up to $20,000 in federal or federally insured student loan debt, nearly 22 million of some 44 million Americans affected rushed to sign up. Prisoners were not excluded from the plan, which was ...

Arizona Resumes Executions

by Eike Blohm, MD and Chuck Sharman

After Arizona resumed executions last year, following an eight-year hiatus, it quickly murdered three murderers on its death row.

On May 11, 2022, a lethal injection of pentobarbital was given to Clarence Dixon, 66, a mentally ill Native American, by then blind. Blaming ...

New Report Estimates U.S. Prisons Hold Nearly 50,000 People in Solitary Confinement

by Jennifer Taylor, Director, Arthur Liman Center for Public Interest Law at Yale Law School

Time-In-Cell: A 2021 Snapshot of Restrictive Housing, a new study co-authored by the Correctional Leaders Association (CLA) and the Arthur Liman Center for Public Interest Law at Yale Law School, estimates that between 41,000 ...

After Federal Judge Censors Lawyer’s Tweets About CoreCivic, Company Settles Suit Over Tennessee Prisoner’s Murder by Cellmate

by Harold Hempstead

On July 15, 2022, in a case accusing private prison giant CoreCivic of a Tennessee prisoner’s wrongful death, a federal magistrate judge issued a gag order restricting public comments on the case made by Plaintiff’s attorney.

The suit was brought by Marie Newby in federal court for ...

Fourth Circuit Says Three-Strikes Federal Prisoner’s Imminent Danger Claim Must Be Evaluated on ‘Totality of Circumstances’

by Benjamin Tschirhart

By the time he filed a pro se complaint against the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) in U.S. District Court for the District of West Virginia in May 2020, prisoner Marc Pierre Hall was a “frequent litigant in the federal courts,” as the U.S. Court of Appeals ...

Virginia Supreme Court Upholds Derivative Sovereign Immunity for Jail Physician

by Matt Clarke

In an important decision for prisoners and jail detainees in Virginia, the state Supreme Court held on July 7, 2022, that a jail physician was entitled to a derivation of the state’s sovereign immunity. As a result, the Court affirmed dismissal of a lawsuit brought against the ...

Fifth Circuit: No Qualified Immunity for Mississippi Sheriffs in Suit Over Mentally Ill Man’s Years-long Unlawful Detention

by Matt Clarke

On August 24, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld a district court’s denial of qualified immunity (QI) to the current and former sheriffs of Clay County, Mississippi, in a suit seeking to hold them liable for detaining a mentally ill man in ...

Nevada Federal Court Says Prisoner’s § 1983 Suit Should’ve Been a Habeas Petition, But Returns Filing Fee

by David M. Reutter

Giving a break to the prisoner who filed a civil rights suit she dismissed on July 8, 2022, Judge Anne R. Traum of the federal court for the District of Nevada ordered return of the plaintiff’s $402 filing fee.

The prisoner, Rafael Bernardo Alvarez, filed a ...

PLN Contributor’s Retaliation Suit Against Oregon Prison Officials Survives

by Jacob Barrett

On July 7, 2022, the federal court for the District of Oregon denied a motion by the state Department of Corrections (DOC) to dismiss a suit filed by longtime PLN writer Mark Wilson, accusing officials of retaliating against him for his work as a “jailhouse lawyer” on ...

Georgia Jails Faulted in Struggle With High COVID-19 Infection Rates

by Kevin W. Bliss

Nearly all of Georgia’s 159 counties struggled with medium to high levels of COVID-19 infections, especially in county jails. But an Atlanta Journal-Constitution investigation published on August 22, 2022, blamed a laissez-faire approach to pandemic precautions.

No state or local law required Georgia’s jails to follow ...

Seventh Circuit Trims What Indiana Prisoner Owes Jail Doctor in Lost Lawsuit

by David M. Reutter

On July 21, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit modified a judgment against a prisoner in a civil rights lawsuit he filed and lost against a doctor at Indiana’s LaPorte County Jail (LPCJ). The Court capped the cost amount of a witness’ ...

Under New Mississippi Law, State Chooses Execution Method

by David M. Reutter

A Mississippi law that became effective on July 1, 2022, gives the state Department of Corrections (DOC) the discretion to choose the method of execution for a condemned prisoner. In addition, it added nitrogen hypoxia, electrocution, and firing squad as execution options, while declaring intravenous injection ...

Prisoner Health Update: Hepatitis C

by Eike Blohm, MD

Hepatitis C (HepC) is inflammation of the liver due to the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The virus infects about 1 to 2% of the U.S. population, but it is likely the most prevalent infection in American prisons. As there are no national standardized testing protocols or ...

Florida Makes Parolees Criminally Liable for Accidental Voter Registration Fraud

by David M. Reutter

Florida took a significant step towards charging more ex-convicts with voter fraud, eight days after Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) announced the first 20 arrests in August 2022. [See: PLN, Jan. 2023, p.18.] On August 26, 2022, the state Department of Corrections (DOC) revised its “Instructions ...

Award Slashed for Delaware Prisoner Sexually Groped by Guard

by Kevin W. Bliss

On August 24, 2022, the federal court for the District of Delaware granted a state prison guard’s request and nearly eliminated the damages against him awarded to a prisoner that a jury found had been sexually abused. That chopped the award to the prisoner, De Shawn ...

Oklahoma Jail Guard Gets 46 Months for Setting Up White Supremacist Attack on Black Detainees

by David M. Reutter

On December 6, 2022, a former guard at Oklahoma’s Kay County Detention Center was sentenced to 46 months in federal prison for violating the civil rights of detainees. Former Lt. Matthew Ware, 53, was convicted on three charges by a jury in the federal court for ...

Federal Judge Refuses to Shorten Corruption Sentence for Former Head of New York City Jail Guards’ Union

by Matt Clarke

On August 10, 2022, the federal court for the Southern District of New York denied a habeas corpus petition filed by the former head of the union representing guards at the New York City Department of Correction. However, the Court suggested procedures by which Norman Seabrook, the ...

DOJ Releases Special Report on U.S. Prison COVID-19 Response

by Eike Blohm, MD

A special report issued by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) in August 2022 tracked the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in state and federal prisons. It found they suffered high rates of infection and death despite lockdowns and suspended visitation. There was also a ...

Former Judges in Pennsylvania ‘Kids for Cash’ Scandal Must Pay $206 Million in Damages

by Ashleigh N. Dye

On August 18, 2022, a federal judge in Pennsylvania ordered two former state judges to pay $206 million in damages for taking $2.8 million in kickbacks to shut down Luzerne County’s juvenile detention center, instead sending children — many first-time offenders as young as eight-years-old — ...

$60,000 Paid by Pennsylvania County to Jail Detainee Savagely Beaten by Cellmate While Guards Allegedly Ignored Cries for Help

by Benjamin Tschirhart

On July 15, 2022, Pennsylvania’s Bedford County agreed to pay $60,000 to a former detainee in the county jail, settling claims that guards purposefully failed to protect him from a vicious assault by a mentally ill detainee incarcerated there with him.

The suit was filed by Jeffrey ...

$300,000 Paid by Colorado to Prisoner Sexually Harassed by Guard with Foot Fetish

by Harold Hempstead

On July 25, 2022, Colorado agreed to pay former state prisoner Susan Ullery $300,000 to settle her claims that she was sexually harassed by a former guard — who also sexually assaulted her while she wore a wire for prison officials trying to catch him in the ...

$98,000 Paid by BOP to Immigrant Detainees Racially Profiled as Terrorists in New York City Lockup

by Kevin W. Bliss

An out-of-court settlement between the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and a group of former immigrant detainees was made public on July 5, 2022. The plaintiffs, all Muslim, Arab, and South Asian men, were allegedly racially profiled as terrorists. They were awarded $98,000 in damages, and ...

$480,000 Paid by California County to Detainee Whose Newborn Died After Guards Stopped at Starbucks en Route to Hospital

by Ashleigh N. Dye

On August 23, 2022, the Board of Supervisors of California’s Orange County approved a settlement providing $480,000 to a former detainee in the county jail who went into labor and waited hours to reach a hospital — even while transport guards dawdled at Starbucks — after ...

Former BOP Warden Convicted of Sexually Abusing Prisoners in California ‘Rape Club’ Scandal

by Kevin W. Bliss

On December 1, 2022, a jury in federal court for the Northern District of California convicted Ray J. Garcia, the former warden of the Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) at Dublin, on seven sexual abuse charges and another of lying about it to government agents investigating the ...

Fifth Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Mississippi Cops Who Let Injured Hemophiliac Bleed Out in Jail

by Matt Clarke

On July 15, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the denial of qualified immunity (QI) to Mississippi jailers accused of ignoring the injuries and pleas for medical treatment of an injured hemophiliac detainee, who then bled to death internally.

When police in ...

News in Brief

Alabama: WHNT in Huntsville reported on December 16, 2022, that a Morgan County Jail detainee was charged with assaulting a guard. Ashley Nicole Taymon, 36, had gotten into an altercation at the Community Corrections Office five days earlier and was taken to a hospital. There she burst from a ...